Operating Systems / Linux
User Interfaces
A closer look at User Interfaces.
Terminals and shells in Linux
A terminal is a character device; a shell is a program that interprets commands. This overview covers TTYs, PTYs, virtual consoles, terminal emulators, login versus interactive shells, dash as /bin/sh, and where Bash scripting is documented separately.
Graphical desktops on Linux
Linux graphics stack from kernel modesetting through compositors and toolkits to desktop environments. This overview compares X11 and Wayland, GNOME and KDE on Debian, display managers, and GTK versus Qt.