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  • A short history of JavaScript

    JavaScript began as a ten-day prototype in a browser and became the shared runtime of the web, servers, and tools. This overview follows that arc from Netscape in 1995 through ECMAScript, Node.js, transpilers, and today's yearly language releases.

    · Languages / JavaScript Core / History and Standards

  • ECMAScript versions cheat sheet

    Each yearly ECMAScript edition bundles finished proposals. This cheat sheet lists headline additions from ES5 through recent editions so you can map syntax you see in tutorials to the standard that introduced it.

    · Languages / JavaScript Core / History and Standards

  • How ECMAScript is standardized

    ECMAScript is maintained by TC39 at Ecma International. Proposals move through numbered stages, are validated by test262, and ship as yearly editions — separate from HTML, fetch, and other host specifications.

    · Languages / JavaScript Core / History and Standards

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